Which term refers to reasoning from effect back to cause?

• A. A Priori
• B. A Posteriori
• C. Ab Initio
• D. Abate

Answer: (B)

The term that refers to reasoning from effect back to cause is "A Posteriori." This type of reasoning involves drawing conclusions based on observed effects or outcomes and using this evidence to infer the underlying causes or principles. A posteriori reasoning is commonly employed in empirical sciences and philosophical contexts where conclusions are garnered through sensory experience and observation.

In contrast, "A Priori" refers to knowledge or reasoning that is independent of experience, such as logical deductions made without the need for empirical evidence. "Ab Initio" means "from the beginning" and typically relates to starting a process from the very first principles or elements. "Abate" means to lessen or reduce in intensity, which is not related to causation or reasoning processes. Therefore, the correct identification of "A Posteriori" is crucial in contexts where understanding the relationship between effects and their causes is necessary.